{ "reviewed": "2026-11-11", "title": "Apollo 11: launch to return evidence laboratory", "scope": "Bounded source comparison, verified unit/time arithmetic and explicitly simplified calculations. No full trajectory, heat-flux, radiation transport or radio residual reconstruction completed.", "time_basis": "GET zero is 1969-07-16T13:32:00Z. UTC values are calculated from printed GET; source GMT columns are rounded/truncated to whole seconds. Decimal digits are source precision, not uncertainty estimates.", "sources": [ { "id": "timeline", "title": "NASA · Apollo 11 event timeline", "url": "https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/static/history/SP-4029/Apollo_11i_Timeline.htm", "role": "Retrospective mission compilation; selected event times, not a raw telemetry stream", "locator": "Selected exact event labels; GET baseline 16 July 1969 13:32:00 UTC" }, { "id": "ascent", "title": "NASA · ascent phase table", "url": "https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/static/history/SP-4029/Apollo_11d_Ascent_Phase.htm", "role": "Reported ascent states in two reference frames", "locator": "11 ascent events; asterisk marks command time only" }, { "id": "orbit", "title": "NASA · Earth orbit phase table", "url": "https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/static/history/SP-4029/Apollo_11e_Earth_Orbit_Phase.htm", "role": "Reported parking orbit and second-burn states", "locator": "Ignition 25,560.2 ft/s; cutoff 35,568.3 ft/s" }, { "id": "translunar", "title": "NASA · translunar phase table", "url": "https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/static/history/SP-4029/Apollo_11f_Translunar_Phase.htm", "role": "Reported post-cutoff state", "locator": "002:50:13.03; 180.581 n mi; 35,545.6 ft/s; flight-path angle 7.367 degrees" }, { "id": "mission", "title": "NASA · Apollo 11 Mission Report, SP-238", "url": "https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/19710015566/downloads/19710015566.pdf", "role": "Postflight engineering report; original analytical source", "locator": "Printed p.79 / PDF p.91: entry; printed p.161 / PDF p.173: doses; printed pp.185–187 / PDF pp.197–199: service-module anomaly" }, { "id": "vehicle", "title": "NASA · AS-506 technical information summary", "url": "https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/19700011707/downloads/19700011707.pdf", "role": "Preflight design/planning document, 25 June 1969", "locator": "Printed p.38 / PDF p.39: approximate mass table; PDF pp.65–67: restart and propellant system" }, { "id": "radiation", "title": "NASA · Radiation Protection and Instrumentation", "url": "https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/19760005583/downloads/19760005583.pdf", "role": "J. Vernon Bailey, Biomedical Results of Apollo, 1975; retrospective dose assessment", "locator": "Printed pp.111–112 / PDF pp.7–8: instruments, variability and Table 2" }, { "id": "prd", "title": "Apollo Lunar Surface Journal · transcribed radiation readouts", "url": "https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/static/history/alsj/WOTM/WOTM-Radiation.html", "role": "Later transcription/compilation of crew readouts, not downloaded original voice tapes", "locator": "Apollo 11: six selected timestamped rows. Last three digits represent hundredths of a rad" }, { "id": "jodrell", "title": "Jodrell Bank · Eagle lander chart", "url": "https://www.jb.man.ac.uk/multimedia/images/apollo11-eagle.html", "role": "Separate receiving observatory, University of Manchester", "locator": "Chart and observatory interpretation inspected; original image lacks readable numerical axis labels" }, { "id": "parkes", "title": "CSIRO · Parkes reception of Apollo 11", "url": "https://www.csiro.au/en/about/facilities-collections/ATNF/Parkes-radio-telescope-Murriyang/Apollo-11-Moon-landing", "role": "Another receiving institution; a participant in the NASA communications operation", "locator": "CSIRO reception history and handover. No raw IQ data retrieved" }, { "id": "mechanics", "title": "NASA · gravity, mechanics and propulsion", "url": "https://science.nasa.gov/learn/basics-of-space-flight/chapter3-2/", "role": "Explanatory reference for momentum and the ideal rocket equation", "locator": "Rocket and Rocket Equation sections; unrelated historical text is not used" }, { "id": "thermal", "title": "NASA Ames · entry heating explanation", "url": "https://www.nasa.gov/ames/entry-systems-and-technology-division/thermophysics-facilities-faq/", "role": "Engineering explanation and ground-test facility information", "locator": "Question about spacecraft windows and shock heating" }, { "id": "constants", "title": "JPL · astrodynamic parameters", "url": "https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/astro_par.html", "role": "Published constants for our illustrative calculations", "locator": "Earth GM 398600.435507 km³/s²; vacuum light speed 299792458 m/s" }, { "id": "radius", "title": "JPL · planetary physical parameters", "url": "https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/planets/phys_par.html", "role": "Reference equatorial radius; not a historical Apollo navigation datum", "locator": "Earth equatorial radius 6378.1366 km" }, { "id": "entry-analysis", "title": "Manders · Apollo 11 Entry Postflight Analysis · 70-FM-30", "url": "https://www.apollojournals.org/afj/ap11fj/pdf/19740072963_as11-entry-analysis-19700220.pdf", "role": "NASA-authored technical analysis, working Apollo Flight Journal mirror; report and relevant sections inspected", "locator": "20 February 1970 · printed pp.1, 3, 5–8, 11–12; PDF pp.7–12, 15–16" }, { "id": "trajectory-report", "title": "Apollo mission 11 trajectory reconstruction · Volume I · NASA-CR-108349", "url": "https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19700014995", "role": "Public NASA contractor analysis; foreword, reconstruction methods and appendix leads inspected", "locator": "16 March 1970 · printed p.iii and pp.7-1–7-2; PDF pp.3, 12–13" }, { "id": "radiation-protection", "title": "English, Benson, Bailey and Barnes · Protection Against Radiation · TN D-7080", "url": "https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19730010172", "role": "Historical instrument and mission-dose methodology; not current medical guidance", "locator": "March 1973 · Table I and instrument discussion, printed pp.3–4; PDF pp.7–8" }, { "id": "dose-comparison", "title": "Atwell · Dosimetry in the Manned Space Program · 1979 proceedings", "url": "https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/19800016185/downloads/19800016185.pdf#page=138", "role": "Later published comparison of calculated and measured instrument doses; table visually checked", "locator": "NASA-TM-81061, Vol.2 · printed pp.124–126; Table III p.126 / PDF p.138; individual paper catalogue 19800016193" }, { "id": "landing-reconstruction", "title": "Miller and colleagues · Final Descent Trajectory Reconstruction · NASA/TM-20220007267", "url": "https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20220007267", "role": "Modern reconstruction from digitized historical plots; analysis of lunar landing, not Earth entry", "locator": "August 2022 · printed pp.5–7, 10–12; PDF pp.9–11, 14–16" }, { "id": "thermal-history", "title": "Pavlosky and St. Leger · Thermal Protection Subsystem · TN D-7564", "url": "https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19740007423", "role": "Program-level design and flight-test synthesis; historical context, not raw Apollo 11 heat-flux measurements", "locator": "January 1974 · Table III p.12 / PDF p.16; test discussion pp.11–12, 15–16" }, { "id": "entry-planning", "title": "Graves and Harpold · Mission Planning for Apollo Entry · TN D-6725", "url": "https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19720013191", "role": "Public entry-planning context; Apollo 11 targeting and Apollo 10 postflight analysis are distinct", "locator": "March 1972 · abstract and report scope inspected" }, { "id": "purdue-entry", "title": "Purdue Archives · catalogue record for 70-FM-30", "url": "https://archives.lib.purdue.edu/repositories/2/archival_objects/38528", "role": "Physical-copy finding aid; does not itself supply underlying measurements or reproduction permission", "locator": "Neil A. Armstrong papers, MSA 5 · Box 76, Folder 6 · record dated 20 February 1970" }, { "id": "tv-tape-record", "title": "Apollo 11 Telemetry Data Recordings: A Final Report · catalogue", "url": "https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20110011709", "role": "Catalogue abstract concerns lunar television recordings; full report not retrieved here", "locator": "NTRS 20110011709 · catalogue publication date 1 January 2010; no downloadable file listed at review" }, { "id": "nasa-history-contact", "title": "NASA History Office · research contact", "url": "https://www.nasa.gov/history/history-office/", "role": "Current institutional routing contact, checked 11 November 2026", "locator": "Contact Us · history@mail.nasa.gov" }, { "id": "uhcl-contact", "title": "UHCL Archives · contact and collections", "url": "https://www.uhcl.edu/library/archives/", "role": "Institutional archives contact, checked 11 November 2026", "locator": "archives@uhcl.edu; holding a specific requested dataset is not yet confirmed" }, { "id": "uhcl-access", "title": "UHCL Archives · access and research conditions", "url": "https://www.uhcl.edu/library/archives/access-and-research/", "role": "Current access conditions for NASA materials; check directly before arranging access", "locator": "Onsite US-citizen access restrictions stated for NASA materials; additional restrictions and appointments apply" }, { "id": "nasa-foia", "title": "NASA · FOIA guidance", "url": "https://www.nasa.gov/foia/foia-guidance/", "role": "Fallback process for reasonably described existing agency records, not a request for new analysis", "locator": "One request can be routed through Headquarters; no FOIA request or paid order has been filed for this map" } ], "events": [ { "id": "event-0", "title": "Range zero", "phase": "launch", "reported_event": "Range zero.", "get": "000:00:00.00", "get_seconds": 0.0, "utc": "1969-07-16T13:32:00.000Z", "source_gmt": "13:32:00", "source_date": "16 Jul 1969", "note": "The mission clock begins. Liftoff is separately listed 0.63 seconds later.", "source_ids": [ "timeline" ] }, { "id": "event-1", "title": "Liftoff", "phase": "launch", "reported_event": "Liftoff (umbilical disconnected) (1.07 g).", "get": "000:00:00.63", "get_seconds": 0.63, "utc": "1969-07-16T13:32:00.630Z", "source_gmt": "13:32:00", "source_date": "16 Jul 1969", "note": "The vehicle accelerates while carrying both fuel and oxidizer. Staging sheds hardware that is no longer needed.", "source_ids": [ "timeline" ] }, { "id": "event-2", "title": "Maximum aerodynamic pressure", "phase": "launch", "reported_event": "Maximum dynamic pressure (735.17 lb/ft2).", "get": "000:01:23.0", "get_seconds": 83.0, "utc": "1969-07-16T13:33:23.000Z", "source_gmt": "13:33:23", "source_date": "16 Jul 1969", "note": "The reported maximum dynamic pressure is 735.17 pounds-force per square foot, about 35.2 kPa. Dynamic pressure depends on density and air-relative speed; it is different from ambient pressure.", "source_ids": [ "timeline" ] }, { "id": "event-3", "title": "First stage cutoff", "phase": "launch", "reported_event": "S-IC outboard engine cutoff.", "get": "000:02:41.63", "get_seconds": 161.63, "utc": "1969-07-16T13:34:41.630Z", "source_gmt": "13:34:41", "source_date": "16 Jul 1969", "note": "The ascent proceeds through decreasing air density; later stages continue adding speed.", "source_ids": [ "timeline" ] }, { "id": "event-4", "title": "Earth orbit", "phase": "orbit", "reported_event": "Earth orbit insertion. S-IVB 1st burn maximum Earth-fixed velocity.", "get": "000:11:49.33", "get_seconds": 709.33, "utc": "1969-07-16T13:43:49.330Z", "source_gmt": "13:43:49", "source_date": "16 Jul 1969", "note": "Reported parking-orbit apogee and perigee are 100.4 and 98.9 nautical miles in the orbit table. The ascent table uses a separate altitude column; align reference surfaces before combining them.", "source_ids": [ "timeline" ] }, { "id": "event-5", "title": "Moon-bound burn begins", "phase": "departure", "reported_event": "S-IVB 2nd burn ignition (STDV open).", "get": "002:44:16.2", "get_seconds": 9856.2, "utc": "1969-07-16T16:16:16.200Z", "source_gmt": "16:16:16", "source_date": "16 Jul 1969", "note": "The restart is a documented engine event. The preflight manual describes liquid oxygen and liquid hydrogen systems and their restart sequence.", "source_ids": [ "timeline" ] }, { "id": "event-6", "title": "Moon-bound burn ends", "phase": "departure", "reported_event": "S-IVB 2nd burn cutoff.", "get": "002:50:03.03", "get_seconds": 10203.03, "utc": "1969-07-16T16:22:03.030Z", "source_gmt": "16:22:03", "source_date": "16 Jul 1969", "note": "The two listed burn times differ by 346.83 seconds. The change in speed is not the full vector impulse from the engine.", "source_ids": [ "timeline" ] }, { "id": "event-7", "title": "Injection state", "phase": "departure", "reported_event": "Translunar injection.", "get": "002:50:13.03", "get_seconds": 10213.03, "utc": "1969-07-16T16:22:13.030Z", "source_gmt": "16:22:13", "source_date": "16 Jul 1969", "note": "Injection is tabulated ten seconds after cutoff to include tailoff and transient effects. This explains why its speed differs from the cutoff speed.", "source_ids": [ "timeline" ] }, { "id": "event-8", "title": "Extract the lunar module", "phase": "coast", "reported_event": "CSM separation maneuver ignition.", "get": "003:17:04.6", "get_seconds": 11824.6, "utc": "1969-07-16T16:49:04.600Z", "source_gmt": "16:49:04", "source_date": "16 Jul 1969", "note": "The command/service module separates, turns, docks and extracts the lunar module. The entire launch rocket does not travel to the lunar surface.", "source_ids": [ "timeline" ] }, { "id": "event-9", "title": "Outbound correction", "phase": "coast", "reported_event": "Midcourse correction ignition.", "get": "026:44:58.64", "get_seconds": 96298.64, "utc": "1969-07-17T16:16:58.640Z", "source_gmt": "16:16:58", "source_date": "17 Jul 1969", "note": "Coasting is motion under gravity. Small engine firings adjust the trajectory.", "source_ids": [ "timeline" ] }, { "id": "event-10", "title": "Slow into lunar orbit", "phase": "moon-orbit", "reported_event": "Lunar orbit insertion ignition.", "get": "075:49:50.37", "get_seconds": 272990.37, "utc": "1969-07-19T17:21:50.370Z", "source_gmt": "17:21:50", "source_date": "19 Jul 1969", "note": "An engine firing reduces the spacecraft’s Moon-relative orbital energy. Reaching lunar distance and entering lunar orbit are different events.", "source_ids": [ "timeline" ] }, { "id": "event-11", "title": "Lunar orbit burn ends", "phase": "moon-orbit", "reported_event": "Lunar orbit insertion cutoff.", "get": "075:55:47.90", "get_seconds": 273347.9, "utc": "1969-07-19T17:27:47.900Z", "source_gmt": "17:27:47", "source_date": "19 Jul 1969", "note": "This burn lasts 357.53 seconds according to the selected timeline.", "source_ids": [ "timeline" ] }, { "id": "event-12", "title": "Powered descent", "phase": "landing", "reported_event": "LM powered descent engine ignition.", "get": "102:33:05.01", "get_seconds": 369185.01, "utc": "1969-07-20T20:05:05.010Z", "source_gmt": "20:05:05", "source_date": "20 Jul 1969", "note": "The lunar module uses its descent engine; the command/service module remains in lunar orbit.", "source_ids": [ "timeline" ] }, { "id": "event-13", "title": "Eagle lands", "phase": "landing", "reported_event": "LM lunar landing.", "get": "102:45:39.9", "get_seconds": 369939.9, "utc": "1969-07-20T20:17:39.900Z", "source_gmt": "20:17:39", "source_date": "20 Jul 1969", "note": "The timeline records touchdown at 102:45:39.9. Jodrell Bank preserves a separate radio-frequency trace interpreted as the descent and landing.", "source_ids": [ "timeline" ] }, { "id": "event-14", "title": "Descent engine cutoff", "phase": "landing", "reported_event": "LM powered descent engine cutoff.", "get": "102:45:41.40", "get_seconds": 369941.4, "utc": "1969-07-20T20:17:41.400Z", "source_gmt": "20:17:41", "source_date": "20 Jul 1969", "note": "Touchdown and engine cutoff are separate listed events, 1.50 seconds apart.", "source_ids": [ "timeline" ] }, { "id": "event-15", "title": "Leave the lunar surface", "phase": "ascent", "reported_event": "LM lunar liftoff ignition (LM APS).", "get": "124:22:00.79", "get_seconds": 447720.79, "utc": "1969-07-21T17:54:00.790Z", "source_gmt": "17:54:00", "source_date": "21 Jul 1969", "note": "The ascent stage departs; the descent stage remains behind. This is a much smaller vehicle than the Earth launch stack.", "source_ids": [ "timeline" ] }, { "id": "event-16", "title": "Lunar ascent burn ends", "phase": "ascent", "reported_event": "LM orbit insertion cutoff.", "get": "124:29:15.67", "get_seconds": 448155.67, "utc": "1969-07-21T18:01:15.670Z", "source_gmt": "18:01:15", "source_date": "21 Jul 1969", "note": "The ascent stage enters orbit for rendezvous with the command/service module.", "source_ids": [ "timeline" ] }, { "id": "event-17", "title": "Start the return burn", "phase": "return", "reported_event": "Transearth injection ignition (SPS).", "get": "135:23:42.28", "get_seconds": 487422.28, "utc": "1969-07-22T04:55:42.280Z", "source_gmt": "04:55:42", "source_date": "22 Jul 1969", "note": "The service propulsion system changes the orbit for return to Earth.", "source_ids": [ "timeline" ] }, { "id": "event-18", "title": "Return burn ends", "phase": "return", "reported_event": "Transearth injection cutoff.", "get": "135:26:13.69", "get_seconds": 487573.69, "utc": "1969-07-22T04:58:13.690Z", "source_gmt": "04:58:13", "source_date": "22 Jul 1969", "note": "The selected start and cutoff times differ by 151.41 seconds.", "source_ids": [ "timeline" ] }, { "id": "event-19", "title": "Return correction", "phase": "return", "reported_event": "Midcourse correction ignition.", "get": "150:29:57.4", "get_seconds": 541797.4, "utc": "1969-07-22T20:01:57.400Z", "source_gmt": "20:01:57", "source_date": "22 Jul 1969", "note": "A later correction adjusts the arrival path. This is a separate timeline occurrence from the outbound correction.", "source_ids": [ "timeline" ] }, { "id": "event-20", "title": "Atmospheric entry interface", "phase": "entry", "reported_event": "Entry.", "get": "195:03:05.7", "get_seconds": 702185.7, "utc": "1969-07-24T16:35:05.700Z", "source_gmt": "16:35:05", "source_date": "24 Jul 1969", "note": "The report defines an entry interface at 400,000 feet. It is a chosen reporting altitude, not the upper edge of all atmospheric gas.", "source_ids": [ "timeline" ] }, { "id": "event-21", "title": "Splashdown", "phase": "recovery", "reported_event": "Splashdown (went to apex-down).", "get": "195:18:35", "get_seconds": 703115.0, "utc": "1969-07-24T16:50:35.000Z", "source_gmt": "16:50:35", "source_date": "24 Jul 1969", "note": "The reported mission duration is 195:18:35. The entry interface to splashdown interval is 15 minutes 29.3 seconds.", "source_ids": [ "timeline" ] } ], "ascent": [ { "event": "Liftoff", "get": "000:00:00.63", "get_seconds": 0.63, "altitude_nmi": 0.032, "altitude_km": 0.059264000000000004, "earth_fixed_ft_s": 1.5, "space_fixed_ft_s": 1340.7, "earth_fixed_km_s": 0.00045719999999999995, "space_fixed_km_s": 0.40864536, "command_time_only": false, "source_ids": [ "ascent" ] }, { "event": "Mach 1 achieved", "get": "000:01:06.3", "get_seconds": 66.3, "altitude_nmi": 4.236, "altitude_km": 7.845072, "earth_fixed_ft_s": 1054.1, "space_fixed_ft_s": 2023.9, "earth_fixed_km_s": 0.32128967999999997, "space_fixed_km_s": 0.6168847199999999, "command_time_only": false, "source_ids": [ "ascent" ] }, { "event": "Maximum dynamic pressure", "get": "000:01:23.0", "get_seconds": 83.0, "altitude_nmi": 7.326, "altitude_km": 13.567752, "earth_fixed_ft_s": 1653.4, "space_fixed_ft_s": 2671.9, "earth_fixed_km_s": 0.50395632, "space_fixed_km_s": 0.81439512, "command_time_only": false, "source_ids": [ "ascent" ] }, { "event": "S-IC center engine cutoff*", "get": "000:02:15.2", "get_seconds": 135.2, "altitude_nmi": 23.761, "altitude_km": 44.005372, "earth_fixed_ft_s": 5320.8, "space_fixed_ft_s": 6492.8, "earth_fixed_km_s": 1.6217798399999999, "space_fixed_km_s": 1.97900544, "command_time_only": true, "source_ids": [ "ascent" ] }, { "event": "S-IC outboard engine cutoff", "get": "000:02:41.63", "get_seconds": 161.63, "altitude_nmi": 35.701, "altitude_km": 66.118252, "earth_fixed_ft_s": 7851.9, "space_fixed_ft_s": 9068.6, "earth_fixed_km_s": 2.3932591199999997, "space_fixed_km_s": 2.76410928, "command_time_only": false, "source_ids": [ "ascent" ] }, { "event": "S-IC/S-II separation*", "get": "000:02:42.30", "get_seconds": 162.3, "altitude_nmi": 36.029, "altitude_km": 66.72570800000001, "earth_fixed_ft_s": 7882.9, "space_fixed_ft_s": 9100.6, "earth_fixed_km_s": 2.4027079199999997, "space_fixed_km_s": 2.77386288, "command_time_only": true, "source_ids": [ "ascent" ] }, { "event": "S-II center engine cutoff", "get": "000:07:40.62", "get_seconds": 460.62, "altitude_nmi": 97.28, "altitude_km": 180.16256, "earth_fixed_ft_s": 17404.8, "space_fixed_ft_s": 18725.5, "earth_fixed_km_s": 5.30498304, "space_fixed_km_s": 5.7075324, "command_time_only": false, "source_ids": [ "ascent" ] }, { "event": "S-II outboard engine cutoff", "get": "000:09:08.22", "get_seconds": 548.22, "altitude_nmi": 101.142, "altitude_km": 187.314984, "earth_fixed_ft_s": 21368.2, "space_fixed_ft_s": 22690.8, "earth_fixed_km_s": 6.51302736, "space_fixed_km_s": 6.916155839999999, "command_time_only": false, "source_ids": [ "ascent" ] }, { "event": "S-II/S-IVB separation*", "get": "000:09:09.00", "get_seconds": 549.0, "altitude_nmi": 101.175, "altitude_km": 187.3761, "earth_fixed_ft_s": 21377.0, "space_fixed_ft_s": 22699.6, "earth_fixed_km_s": 6.515709599999999, "space_fixed_km_s": 6.91883808, "command_time_only": true, "source_ids": [ "ascent" ] }, { "event": "S-IVB 1st burn cutoff", "get": "000:11:39.33", "get_seconds": 699.33, "altitude_nmi": 103.202, "altitude_km": 191.13010400000002, "earth_fixed_ft_s": 24237.6, "space_fixed_ft_s": 25561.6, "earth_fixed_km_s": 7.387620479999999, "space_fixed_km_s": 7.791175679999999, "command_time_only": false, "source_ids": [ "ascent" ] }, { "event": "Earth orbit insertion", "get": "000:11:49.33", "get_seconds": 709.33, "altitude_nmi": 103.176, "altitude_km": 191.081952, "earth_fixed_ft_s": 24243.9, "space_fixed_ft_s": 25567.9, "earth_fixed_km_s": 7.38954072, "space_fixed_km_s": 7.79309592, "command_time_only": false, "source_ids": [ "ascent" ] } ], "prd_readouts": [ { "get": "011:18:08", "get_seconds": 40688.0, "location": "Translunar coast (TLC), first readout after belt passage", "codes": [ "11002", "10002", "09003" ], "dose_rad": [ 0.02, 0.02, 0.03 ], "source_ids": [ "prd" ] }, { "get": "036:05:49", "get_seconds": 129949.0, "location": "TLC", "codes": [ "11005", "10006", "09007" ], "dose_rad": [ 0.05, 0.06, 0.07 ], "source_ids": [ "prd" ] }, { "get": "084:38:21", "get_seconds": 304701.0, "location": "Lunar orbit", "codes": [ "11012", "10013", "09015" ], "dose_rad": [ 0.12, 0.13, 0.15 ], "source_ids": [ "prd" ] }, { "get": "112:48:40", "get_seconds": 406120.0, "location": "Lunar orbit", "codes": [ null, "10016", null ], "dose_rad": [ null, 0.16, null ], "source_ids": [ "prd" ] }, { "get": "112:59:39", "get_seconds": 406779.0, "location": "Lunar surface", "codes": [ "11014", null, "09018" ], "dose_rad": [ 0.14, null, 0.18 ], "source_ids": [ "prd" ] }, { "get": "159:49:10", "get_seconds": 575350.0, "location": "Last readout prior to belt passage", "codes": [ "11020", "10022", "09024" ], "dose_rad": [ 0.2, 0.22, 0.24 ], "source_ids": [ "prd" ] } ], "calculations": { "tli_burn_seconds": 346.8299999999999, "tli_scalar_speed_increase_m_s": 3050.468880000001, "cutoff_to_injection_seconds": 10, "cutoff_to_injection_speed_decrease_m_s": 6.918960000001331, "loi_burn_seconds": 357.53000000002794, "return_burn_seconds": 151.4099999999744, "entry_to_splash_seconds": 929.3000000000466, "tli_to_loi_hours": 72.99370555555555, "entry_speed_km_s": 11.03205312, "entry_kinetic_energy_MJ_kg": 60.85309802125087, "max_q_kpa": 35.200129994573494, "preflight_mass_ratio": 2.2050898203592815, "example_isp_seconds": 420, "example_ideal_delta_v_m_s": 3257.0107035858446, "earth_only_r0_km": 6712.572612, "earth_only_v0_km_s": 10.834298879999999, "earth_only_gamma_degrees": 7.367, "earth_only_a_km": 288775.2373177126, "earth_only_e": 0.9771416802577909, "earth_only_apogee_radius_km": 570949.5579271847, "earth_only_to_384400_km_hours": 68.04118242085113, "light_time_384400_km_s": 1.2822203819416964 }, "constants": { "g0_m_s2": 9.80665, "earth_mu_km3_s2": 398600.435507, "earth_equatorial_radius_km": 6378.1366, "c_m_s": 299792458 }, "preflight_masses": { "restart_lb": 294600, "cutoff_lb": 133600, "basis": "Approximate preflight masses, not measured as-flown masses. Isp=420 s is a learning assumption, not a retrieved AS-506 engine result." }, "radiation": { "uncorrected_prd_totals_rad": [ 0.25, 0.26, 0.28 ], "separate_instrument_skin_rad": 0.11, "separate_instrument_depth_rad": 0.08, "later_crew_average_skin_rad": 0.18, "reported_uncertainty": null }, "findings": [ { "id": "disposal", "status": "Documented prediction miss; proposed mechanism and later design change", "title": "The discarded service module did not skip out as predicted", "finding": "The report combines C-band radar, crew sightings and aircraft film. It attributes low net separation speed to a possible instability involving propellant sloshing, and records changed controller timing beginning with Apollo 13.", "limit": "We reviewed the report’s analysis, not the raw radar or aircraft film. The slosh calculation has not been independently rerun. This concerns disposal of the service module, not loss of the crew capsule.", "next": "Obtain the radar time series, aircraft-film timing and the original separation/slosh model; compare predicted and observed paths with uncertainties.", "sources": [ "mission" ] }, { "id": "entry-gap", "status": "Explicit measurement gap and reconstruction", "title": "Entry was not recorded as one complete telemetry stream", "finding": "Printed p.79 says the onboard telemetry recorder was inoperative during entry. Communications blackout and limited aircraft reception left gaps; a postflight reconstructed trajectory was combined with the available observations.", "limit": "Reported entry values should be labelled reconstructed. This gap does not by itself invalidate the trajectory, and it prevents claiming a complete raw-record reproduction here.", "next": "The EMS scroll, ARIA packet records, simulation configuration and uncertainty analysis used by the now-located 70-FM-30 entry report.", "sources": [ "mission", "entry-analysis" ] }, { "id": "dose", "status": "Different measurement stages; correction trail still open", "title": "Raw dosimeters and the final dose assessment have different numbers", "finding": "The mission report lists preliminary uncorrected personal readings of 0.25, 0.26 and 0.28 rad and a separate VABD result. TN D-7080 identifies the later 0.18-rad mission value as an average of passive TLD readings; Atwell supplies another cumulative VABD comparison.", "limit": "These are different instruments and possibly different integration intervals. The passive TLD average is not a demonstrated correction of each personal meter. Calibration and reduction records remain untraced in this review.", "next": "Technical calibration and integration records for the individual instrument types and mission-specific readout/reduction files.", "sources": [ "mission", "radiation-protection", "dose-comparison", "radiation" ] }, { "id": "radio-scale", "status": "Outside observation located; numerical residual not yet calculable", "title": "A historical chart needs its calibration", "finding": "Jodrell Bank identifies receiver adjustments in the early jumps and interprets the later trace as descent and landing. Its public image was inspected, but the image does not supply legible numerical axis labels, an absolute start time or a receiver calibration record.", "limit": "We cannot responsibly derive an absolute speed curve or a timed NASA-minus-Jodrell residual from these pixels. Doppler measures line-of-sight motion and also depends on receiver/reference behaviour.", "next": "Obtain chart speed, frequency scale, exact UTC interval, receiver tuning history and transmitter/coherence information.", "sources": [ "jodrell" ] }, { "id": "state-time", "status": "Difference explained by the listed event definitions", "title": "Engine cutoff and injection are ten seconds apart", "finding": "The orbit table gives 35,568.3 ft/s at cutoff; the translunar table gives 35,545.6 ft/s at injection ten seconds later. These are two states at different times, not two simultaneous speed measurements.", "limit": "The scalar decrease is 6.919 m/s. Reconstructing its full physical budget requires the state vector, forces and engine tailoff, not subtraction alone.", "next": "Compare both time-tagged state vectors within one propagation model.", "sources": [ "orbit", "translunar" ] } ], "coast_checks": [ { "event": "Translunar injection", "get": "002:50:13.03", "get_seconds": 10213.03, "reported_altitude_km": 334.436012, "reported_space_fixed_km_s": 10.834298879999999, "approximate_reported_radius_km": 6712.572612, "earth_only_radius_km": 6712.5726120000145, "earth_only_speed_km_s": 10.834298879999986, "model_minus_reported_radius_km": 1.4665602066088468e-11, "model_minus_reported_speed_m_s": -1.2434497875801753e-11, "source_ids": [ "translunar" ] }, { "event": "CSM separated from S-IVB", "get": "003:15:23.0", "get_seconds": 11723.0, "reported_altitude_km": 7065.73188, "reported_space_fixed_km_s": 7.608569999999999, "approximate_reported_radius_km": 13443.868480000001, "earth_only_radius_km": 13443.420009756366, "earth_only_speed_km_s": 7.610528059309625, "model_minus_reported_radius_km": -0.4484702436338921, "model_minus_reported_speed_m_s": 1.9580593096257815, "source_ids": [ "translunar" ] }, { "event": "CSM docked with LM/S-IVB", "get": "003:24:03.7", "get_seconds": 12243.7, "reported_altitude_km": 9848.195200000002, "reported_space_fixed_km_s": 6.9075299999999995, "approximate_reported_radius_km": 16226.331800000002, "earth_only_radius_km": 16231.197066671451, "earth_only_speed_km_s": 6.90905441552765, "model_minus_reported_radius_km": 4.865266671449717, "model_minus_reported_speed_m_s": 1.524415527650369, "source_ids": [ "translunar" ] }, { "event": "CSM/LM evasive maneuver ignition", "get": "004:40:01.72", "get_seconds": 16801.72, "reported_altitude_km": 30781.7216, "reported_space_fixed_km_s": 4.474463999999999, "approximate_reported_radius_km": 37159.8582, "earth_only_radius_km": 37184.17945696861, "earth_only_speed_km_s": 4.478720233681594, "model_minus_reported_radius_km": 24.321256968611124, "model_minus_reported_speed_m_s": 4.256233681594779, "source_ids": [ "translunar" ] }, { "event": "CSM/LM evasive maneuver cutoff", "get": "004:40:04.65", "get_seconds": 16804.65, "reported_altitude_km": 30793.7596, "reported_space_fixed_km_s": 4.4692824, "approximate_reported_radius_km": 37171.8962, "earth_only_radius_km": 37196.00676618058, "earth_only_speed_km_s": 4.477959115373654, "model_minus_reported_radius_km": 24.110566180581372, "model_minus_reported_speed_m_s": 8.676715373653998, "source_ids": [ "translunar" ] }, { "event": "Midcourse correction ignition", "get": "026:44:58.64", "get_seconds": 96298.64, "reported_altitude_km": 202748.2556, "reported_space_fixed_km_s": 1.53162, "approximate_reported_radius_km": 209126.3922, "earth_only_radius_km": 210487.23865357367, "earth_only_speed_km_s": 1.5514810265141508, "model_minus_reported_radius_km": 1360.8464535736712, "model_minus_reported_speed_m_s": 19.86102651415078, "source_ids": [ "translunar" ] }, { "event": "Midcourse correction cutoff", "get": "026:45:01.77", "get_seconds": 96301.77, "reported_altitude_km": 202751.7744, "reported_space_fixed_km_s": 1.527048, "approximate_reported_radius_km": 209129.911, "earth_only_radius_km": 210491.97482777826, "earth_only_speed_km_s": 1.5514535626590784, "model_minus_reported_radius_km": 1362.063827778271, "model_minus_reported_speed_m_s": 24.40556265907845, "source_ids": [ "translunar" ] } ], "investigation": { "reviewed": "2026-11-11", "scope": "Eight Apollo 11 investigation tracks. This is a reviewed public-source map, not a census of all NASA holdings or a completed flight reconstruction. Unobtained means absent from this review; it does not establish loss, withholding or a physical anomaly.", "sources": [ { "id": "entry-analysis", "title": "Manders · Apollo 11 Entry Postflight Analysis · 70-FM-30", "url": "https://www.apollojournals.org/afj/ap11fj/pdf/19740072963_as11-entry-analysis-19700220.pdf", "role": "NASA-authored technical analysis, working Apollo Flight Journal mirror; report and relevant sections inspected", "locator": "20 February 1970 · printed pp.1, 3, 5–8, 11–12; PDF pp.7–12, 15–16" }, { "id": "trajectory-report", "title": "Apollo mission 11 trajectory reconstruction · Volume I · NASA-CR-108349", "url": "https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19700014995", "role": "Public NASA contractor analysis; foreword, reconstruction methods and appendix leads inspected", "locator": "16 March 1970 · printed p.iii and pp.7-1–7-2; PDF pp.3, 12–13" }, { "id": "radiation-protection", "title": "English, Benson, Bailey and Barnes · Protection Against Radiation · TN D-7080", "url": "https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19730010172", "role": "Historical instrument and mission-dose methodology; not current medical guidance", "locator": "March 1973 · Table I and instrument discussion, printed pp.3–4; PDF pp.7–8" }, { "id": "dose-comparison", "title": "Atwell · Dosimetry in the Manned Space Program · 1979 proceedings", "url": "https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/19800016185/downloads/19800016185.pdf#page=138", "role": "Later published comparison of calculated and measured instrument doses; table visually checked", "locator": "NASA-TM-81061, Vol.2 · printed pp.124–126; Table III p.126 / PDF p.138; individual paper catalogue 19800016193" }, { "id": "landing-reconstruction", "title": "Miller and colleagues · Final Descent Trajectory Reconstruction · NASA/TM-20220007267", "url": "https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20220007267", "role": "Modern reconstruction from digitized historical plots; analysis of lunar landing, not Earth entry", "locator": "August 2022 · printed pp.5–7, 10–12; PDF pp.9–11, 14–16" }, { "id": "thermal-history", "title": "Pavlosky and St. Leger · Thermal Protection Subsystem · TN D-7564", "url": "https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19740007423", "role": "Program-level design and flight-test synthesis; historical context, not raw Apollo 11 heat-flux measurements", "locator": "January 1974 · Table III p.12 / PDF p.16; test discussion pp.11–12, 15–16" }, { "id": "entry-planning", "title": "Graves and Harpold · Mission Planning for Apollo Entry · TN D-6725", "url": "https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19720013191", "role": "Public entry-planning context; Apollo 11 targeting and Apollo 10 postflight analysis are distinct", "locator": "March 1972 · abstract and report scope inspected" }, { "id": "purdue-entry", "title": "Purdue Archives · catalogue record for 70-FM-30", "url": "https://archives.lib.purdue.edu/repositories/2/archival_objects/38528", "role": "Physical-copy finding aid; does not itself supply underlying measurements or reproduction permission", "locator": "Neil A. Armstrong papers, MSA 5 · Box 76, Folder 6 · record dated 20 February 1970" }, { "id": "tv-tape-record", "title": "Apollo 11 Telemetry Data Recordings: A Final Report · catalogue", "url": "https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20110011709", "role": "Catalogue abstract concerns lunar television recordings; full report not retrieved here", "locator": "NTRS 20110011709 · catalogue publication date 1 January 2010; no downloadable file listed at review" }, { "id": "nasa-history-contact", "title": "NASA History Office · research contact", "url": "https://www.nasa.gov/history/history-office/", "role": "Current institutional routing contact, checked 11 November 2026", "locator": "Contact Us · history@mail.nasa.gov" }, { "id": "uhcl-contact", "title": "UHCL Archives · contact and collections", "url": "https://www.uhcl.edu/library/archives/", "role": "Institutional archives contact, checked 11 November 2026", "locator": "archives@uhcl.edu; holding a specific requested dataset is not yet confirmed" }, { "id": "uhcl-access", "title": "UHCL Archives · access and research conditions", "url": "https://www.uhcl.edu/library/archives/access-and-research/", "role": "Current access conditions for NASA materials; check directly before arranging access", "locator": "Onsite US-citizen access restrictions stated for NASA materials; additional restrictions and appointments apply" }, { "id": "nasa-foia", "title": "NASA · FOIA guidance", "url": "https://www.nasa.gov/foia/foia-guidance/", "role": "Fallback process for reasonably described existing agency records, not a request for new analysis", "locator": "One request can be routed through Headquarters; no FOIA request or paid order has been filed for this map" } ], "tracks": [ { "id": "entry", "group": "entry", "number": "01", "title": "Rebuild Earth re-entry from its surviving measurements", "status": "Analysis located · input records still needed", "established": "70-FM-30 identifies ARIA aircraft downlink, recovery data and the Entry Monitor System (EMS) scroll as inputs. Its reconstruction adjusts the 21-day best-estimate flight-path angle by −0.043° and fits selected entry observations.", "gap": "The complete EMS scan, time-tagged ARIA packets, exact simulation input deck and a propagated uncertainty budget have not been obtained in this review.", "request": "Locate those input records, their timing/calibration descriptions, the Apollo Reentry Simulation configuration and any later revisions of 70-FM-30. Ask which observations constrained the fit and which supplied a separate check.", "test": "Reproduce the published fit, propagate measurement/model uncertainty and compare held-out observations in the same units and reference frame.", "route": "NASA History → responsible JSC archive or records custodian. Purdue identifies a physical report copy; its catalogue is not a raw-data inventory.", "sources": [ "entry-analysis", "mission", "purdue-entry" ] }, { "id": "dosimetry", "group": "radiation", "number": "02", "title": "Keep personal meters, passive dosimeters and belt sensors distinct", "status": "Dose definition clarified · calibration trail open", "established": "TN D-7080 defines the mission dose as an average of passive thermoluminescent dosimeter (TLD) readings. The Apollo 11 value is 0.18 rad. Atwell later compares TLD, computed VABD and measured VABD results.", "gap": "Individual passive-dosimeter results, instrument corrections, integration intervals and the relationship to the mission report’s preliminary readings remain untraced here.", "request": "Identify existing instrument calibration, readout/reduction and final mission dosimetry reports. Request non-identifying technical records; protected medical records are unnecessary.", "test": "Compare instruments only after aligning quantity, location, shielding, interval and calibration. The TLD average is not automatically a corrected personal-meter total.", "route": "NASA History → JSC radiation/dosimetry records custodian; UHCL Archives can advise whether relevant historical series are held.", "sources": [ "radiation-protection", "dose-comparison", "radiation", "mission" ] }, { "id": "trajectory", "group": "flight", "number": "03", "title": "Find the numerical trajectory behind the summary tables", "status": "Volume I inspected · Volume II not obtained", "established": "NASA-CR-108349’s foreword identifies a separate Volume II listing the 45-day best-estimate trajectory in NASA Apollo Trajectory format. Volume I describes reconstruction methods and appendix leads.", "gap": "The Volume II numerical listing, machine-readable successor, revision history and complete observation lineage have not been obtained. Its 1970 request address is historical.", "request": "Locate Volume II and its current custodian, NAT format/coordinate/time definitions, version identifiers, uncertainty records and any surviving measurement files. Link as-flown burn and propellant records separately.", "test": "Replace the Earth-only teaching model with a documented full-force trajectory and compare equivalent event states. Do not treat an omitted-force difference as a measured anomaly.", "route": "NASA History → JSC trajectory-data custodian; UHCL is a catalogue-routing lead, not a confirmed holder of Volume II.", "sources": [ "trajectory-report", "translunar", "orbit", "vehicle" ] }, { "id": "belt", "group": "radiation", "number": "04", "title": "Match radiation exposure to the actual belt passages", "status": "Method located · time-resolved reconstruction pending", "established": "Historical radiation reports describe trajectory, shielding and instrument directionality as inputs to exposure analysis. Atwell’s comparison includes calculated as well as measured doses.", "gap": "An aligned Apollo 11 trajectory, attitude/shield map, contemporaneous particle spectra and complete dose-rate time series have not been assembled here.", "request": "Identify the exact belt model versions, particle measurements, instrument acceptance/calibration, spacecraft shielding model and outbound/return dose-rate records used for Apollo 11.", "test": "Integrate predicted dose along each passage and compare against time-matched sensors with uncertainty. A mission-total dose alone cannot locate where every increment occurred.", "route": "NASA History → JSC radiation and trajectory custodians; then the original environmental-data repository named in their records.", "sources": [ "radiation-protection", "dose-comparison", "prd" ] }, { "id": "heating", "group": "entry", "number": "05", "title": "Separate entry energy from measured heat-shield performance", "status": "Test history located · Apollo 11 channel inventory needed", "established": "TN D-7564 documents design verification through ground and flight tests and tabulates operational entry conditions. Earlier test flights and their calorimeters are not measurements made aboard Apollo 11.", "gap": "An Apollo 11-specific inventory of functioning thermal sensors, returned-shield inspection measurements and their uncertainties is not yet in this review.", "request": "Locate the CM-107 postflight thermal-protection report, channel availability and calibration, reconstructed heating inputs, and returned-shield char/recession or inspection records. Ask explicitly if a quantity was modeled rather than instrumented.", "test": "Compare predicted heating with available flight/physical inspection evidence. Mechanical kinetic energy per kilogram is not the absorbed heat flux or total heat-shield load.", "route": "NASA History → JSC thermal-protection and spacecraft postflight-analysis custodian.", "sources": [ "thermal-history", "entry-analysis", "mission" ] }, { "id": "disposal", "group": "flight", "number": "06", "title": "Trace the service-module disposal anomaly to its engineering follow-up", "status": "Anomaly documented · full closure record not obtained", "established": "The mission report discusses radar, crew observations and aircraft imagery for the service module’s unexpected return path, a proposed propellant-slosh mechanism and controller changes for later missions.", "gap": "The full slosh/control analysis, original radar and film timing, and the later verification/closure record have not been assembled here.", "request": "Locate the specific anomaly investigation, controller change authorization, underlying observations and subsequent mission test or verification results.", "test": "Check whether one dynamics model reproduces the observations and whether the changed controller removes the predicted instability. Keep the discarded module separate from the crew capsule.", "route": "NASA History → JSC spacecraft systems/anomaly records custodian.", "sources": [ "mission", "timeline" ] }, { "id": "outside-radio", "group": "radio", "number": "07", "title": "Align outside radio observations with the reported flight", "status": "Reception histories and chart located · calibrated series needed", "established": "Jodrell Bank preserves an Eagle frequency chart and identifies receiver adjustments. CSIRO documents Parkes reception. Their evidence roles differ; Parkes participated in the communications operation.", "gap": "Numerical chart calibration, UTC/clock corrections, receiver tuning, station coordinates and complete original logs have not been matched to a common prediction here.", "request": "Ask NASA for the relevant link/transponder definitions and tracking-product catalogue. Ask each observatory separately for its own chart/log calibration and access conditions; NASA cannot supply an outside archive’s holdings by assumption.", "test": "Predict station-relative Doppler/range with the correct one-way or coherent two-way model, align clocks and fit residuals with instrument errors.", "route": "NASA History for NASA records; Jodrell Bank/University of Manchester and CSIRO for their separately held observations. Observatory emails are not part of the current draft.", "sources": [ "jodrell", "parkes", "trajectory-report" ] }, { "id": "landing", "group": "flight", "number": "08", "title": "Follow the modern reconstruction of the lunar landing", "status": "2022 analysis inspected · numerical research files not obtained", "established": "NASA/TM-20220007267 reconstructs final lunar descent using digitized historical plots, least-squares methods and Kalman filtering. The paper discusses plot resolution, kinematic inconsistencies and analyst-selected filter tuning.", "gap": "The digitized samples, adjusted points, estimator settings, code and final numerical trajectories have not been obtained here. This is a different phase from Earth re-entry.", "request": "Locate the report’s supporting research files and an authoritative record-by-record account of unavailable inputs. Its introductory references about missing tapes concern lunar TV and do not establish the loss of every trajectory record.", "test": "Repeat the published processing and test sensitivity to digitization, timing, interpolation and filter assumptions. Compare with other surviving landing measurements.", "route": "NASA History → Langley report authors/data custodian for this technical memorandum; historical source plots remain separately identified.", "sources": [ "landing-reconstruction", "trajectory-report", "tv-tape-record" ] } ], "entry_fit": [ { "quantity": "First maximum load factor", "unit": "g", "source_observed": 6.73, "reconstructed": 6.74 }, { "quantity": "Speed at first maximum", "unit": "ft/s · EMS", "source_observed": 31810, "reconstructed": 31776 }, { "quantity": "First minimum load factor", "unit": "g", "source_observed": 0.48, "reconstructed": 0.6 }, { "quantity": "Speed at first minimum", "unit": "ft/s · EMS", "source_observed": 20500, "reconstructed": 20257 }, { "quantity": "Second maximum load factor", "unit": "g", "source_observed": 6.0, "reconstructed": 6.0 }, { "quantity": "Speed at second maximum", "unit": "ft/s · EMS", "source_observed": 12390, "reconstructed": 13070 } ], "dose_comparison": { "mission": 11, "unit": "rad", "tld_skin": 0.18, "computed_vabd_sensor_1": 0.21, "computed_vabd_sensor_2": 0.19, "measured_vabd_sensor_1": 0.2, "measured_vabd_sensor_2": 0.18, "sensor_1_shield_g_cm2_aluminum": 0.23, "sensor_2_shield_g_cm2_aluminum": 6.34, "source_id": "dose-comparison", "locator": "Table III · printed p.126 / PDF p.138", "uncertainty": null }, "request": { "status": "UHCL reply received · NASA clarification pending", "response": "The initial inquiry was sent on 12 November 2026. UHCL replied with access-policy and staffing limits; custody and release status of the requested files remain unconfirmed. Babylon’s public response records four clarification questions for NASA.", "to": "history@mail.nasa.gov", "cc": "archives@uhcl.edu", "purpose": "Catalogue and custodian inquiry: numerical trajectory listing, entry reconstruction inputs and technical dosimetry records.", "fees": "No reproduction order, payment authorization or formal FOIA filing.", "initial_sent_date": "2026-11-12", "uhcl_reply_date": "2026-11-12", "public_access_record": "/research/nasa-archive-access/" } } }