{
  "schema_version": 1,
  "reviewed": "2026-11-07",
  "biography": {
    "id": "nippur-cbs10673",
    "title": "The Sumerian Flood Tablet",
    "identifier": "CBS10673 + CBS10867 · CDLI P265876",
    "catalogue_id": "nippur-cbs10673",
    "summary": "Trace a named clay witness, the basis of its date, its acquisition credit and a modern composite translation.",
    "work": "Sumerian Flood story · ETCSL 1.7.4",
    "language": "Sumerian",
    "repository": "Penn Museum",
    "people": [
      {
        "role": "Ancient author",
        "name": "Not identified in this review",
        "status": "Unknown",
        "basis": "No personal author is established by the consulted object record.",
        "source_ids": [
          "penn"
        ]
      },
      {
        "role": "Scribe",
        "name": "Not identified in this review",
        "status": "Unknown",
        "basis": "Script supports a dating assessment; it does not identify the writer by name.",
        "source_ids": [
          "penn"
        ]
      },
      {
        "role": "Finder / excavator",
        "name": "Exact finder and excavation register not yet checked",
        "status": "Open",
        "basis": "Nippur is the recorded provenience. The 1896 expedition/gift credit is not an exact discovery log.",
        "source_ids": [
          "penn"
        ]
      }
    ],
    "communities": [
      {
        "name": "Nippur, Mesopotamia",
        "relation": "Recorded findspot",
        "status": "Catalogue-reported",
        "note": "Place and Sumerian language do not identify a particular tribe or the author’s ancestry.",
        "source_ids": [
          "penn"
        ]
      }
    ],
    "events": [
      {
        "id": "nippur-narrative",
        "kind": "Narrated events",
        "label": "Flood narrative · historical event date unestablished",
        "start": null,
        "end": null,
        "precision": "Unassigned",
        "status": "Open",
        "method": "Textual narrative",
        "reason": "A narrated Flood cannot be dated from the copy alone.",
        "source_ids": [
          "penn"
        ],
        "calendar": "Historical BCE/CE; no year zero",
        "reviewed": "2026-11-07"
      },
      {
        "id": "nippur-composition",
        "kind": "Composition",
        "label": "Composition date · not assigned in this pilot",
        "start": null,
        "end": null,
        "precision": "Unassigned",
        "status": "Open",
        "method": "Bibliography needed",
        "reason": "The physical witness and first composition have separate histories.",
        "source_ids": [
          "penn"
        ],
        "calendar": "Historical BCE/CE; no year zero",
        "reviewed": "2026-11-07"
      },
      {
        "id": "nippur-copy",
        "kind": "Copy / manufacture",
        "label": "About 1650 BCE · museum script-based dating",
        "start": -1650,
        "end": -1650,
        "precision": "Approximate point",
        "status": "Catalogue assessment",
        "method": "Palaeography / script comparison",
        "reason": "The museum explicitly attributes the seventeenth-century estimate to script; no lab measurement is claimed.",
        "source_ids": [
          "penn"
        ],
        "calendar": "Historical BCE/CE; no year zero",
        "reviewed": "2026-11-07"
      },
      {
        "id": "nippur-discovery",
        "kind": "Discovery",
        "label": "Exact excavation date, finder and locus · pending",
        "start": null,
        "end": null,
        "precision": "Unassigned",
        "status": "Open",
        "method": "Excavation documentation needed",
        "reason": "Do not substitute the credit-line year for a witnessed discovery date.",
        "source_ids": [
          "penn"
        ],
        "calendar": "Historical BCE/CE; no year zero",
        "reviewed": "2026-11-07"
      },
      {
        "id": "nippur-acquisition",
        "kind": "Acquisition",
        "label": "1896 · expedition / gift credit",
        "start": 1896,
        "end": 1896,
        "precision": "Year",
        "status": "Catalogue-reported",
        "method": "Museum credit line",
        "reason": "An acquisition-history anchor, not a dated ancient event.",
        "source_ids": [
          "penn"
        ],
        "calendar": "Historical BCE/CE; no year zero",
        "reviewed": "2026-11-07"
      }
    ],
    "translations": [
      {
        "language": "English",
        "scope": "Work-level composite reading",
        "passage": "ETCSL 1.7.4; selected tablet-to-line concordance pending",
        "status": "Route located · not fully collated",
        "edition": "ETCSL; museum links the composition and join",
        "source_ids": [
          "penn",
          "etcsl"
        ],
        "coverage_url": "/resources/translation-coverage/sky-and-flood/#coverage-nippur-cbs10673"
      }
    ],
    "claims": [
      {
        "id": "nippur-copy-date",
        "text": "This physical witness is approximately seventeenth-century BCE.",
        "status": "One documented dating assessment; further checks open",
        "witnesses": [
          {
            "slot": 1,
            "status": "Supports",
            "note": "Museum gives the approximate date and identifies script as its basis.",
            "source_ids": [
              "penn"
            ],
            "independence_group": "penn"
          },
          {
            "slot": 2,
            "status": "Pending",
            "note": "Locate the underlying dated script comparison and publication.",
            "source_ids": [],
            "independence_group": null
          },
          {
            "slot": 3,
            "status": "Pending",
            "note": "Check excavation context or another independently justified assessment.",
            "source_ids": [],
            "independence_group": null
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "nippur-history",
        "text": "The museum credit records an 1896 expedition / gift association.",
        "status": "Credit established; precise find event unresolved",
        "witnesses": [
          {
            "slot": 1,
            "status": "Supports",
            "note": "Public credit line is the consulted evidence.",
            "source_ids": [
              "penn"
            ],
            "independence_group": "penn"
          },
          {
            "slot": 2,
            "status": "Pending",
            "note": "Obtain accession or expedition-register reference.",
            "source_ids": [],
            "independence_group": null
          },
          {
            "slot": 3,
            "status": "Pending",
            "note": "Locate a contemporary field report or diary with the object identifier.",
            "source_ids": [],
            "independence_group": null
          }
        ]
      }
    ],
    "gaps": [
      {
        "id": "nippur-find",
        "kind": "Discovery / custody",
        "priority": "High",
        "question": "Which existing register fixes the finder, season and locus for CBS10673/CBS10867?",
        "action": "Focused archival-reference question sent; await the museum’s existing records.",
        "case": "penn-20261105"
      },
      {
        "id": "nippur-dating",
        "kind": "Dating method",
        "priority": "High",
        "question": "Which publication supplies the script-based date and its comparison material?",
        "action": "Locate the cited dating argument before turning an approximate estimate into a narrow range.",
        "case": "penn-20261105"
      },
      {
        "id": "nippur-translation",
        "kind": "Passage coverage",
        "priority": "High",
        "question": "Which lines belong to each joined fragment and to the composite translation?",
        "action": "Collate selected photographs, transliteration and translation; preserve damaged text.",
        "case": "penn-20261105"
      }
    ],
    "source_ids": [
      "penn",
      "etcsl",
      "penn-request"
    ],
    "case": "penn-20261105"
  },
  "sources": {
    "penn": {
      "id": "penn",
      "title": "Penn Museum · CBS10673",
      "url": "https://collections.penn.museum/collections/object/97591",
      "kind": "Custodian catalogue",
      "locator": "Details, description, credit line and identifiers",
      "scope": "Object identity, join, script-based approximate date and acquisition credit; not an excavation diary.",
      "independence_group": "penn",
      "checked": "2026-11-07"
    },
    "etcsl": {
      "id": "etcsl",
      "title": "ETCSL · The Flood story, c.1.7.4",
      "url": "https://etcsl.orinst.ox.ac.uk/section1/tr174.htm",
      "kind": "Composite translation",
      "locator": "Composition 1.7.4",
      "scope": "A work-level English reading route; individual signs and restorations still require witness collation.",
      "independence_group": "etcsl",
      "checked": "2026-11-07"
    },
    "penn-request": {
      "id": "penn-request",
      "title": "Babylon · Penn correspondence",
      "url": "https://learn.babylonencyclopedia.com/resources/institution-access-desk/#penn-20261105",
      "kind": "Project correspondence summary",
      "locator": "Penn inquiry record",
      "scope": "A request documents a question, not an institutional answer.",
      "independence_group": "project-outreach",
      "checked": "2026-11-07"
    }
  }
}