BABYLONTHE LEARNING CENTREThe encyclopedia
BABYLON · A MODERN FLIGHT, FOLLOWED THROUGH

One launch.
Two returns.

Trace Starship Flight 4 from Starbase to two ocean endpoints. Compare the operator’s account, the regulator’s records and signals recorded by outside instruments.

6 JUNE 2024BOOSTER 11 · SHIP 29UNCREWED · NEAR-ORBITAL TEST

This study concerns SpaceX’s flight operations. It uses a reported sequence and published research; no complete raw telemetry reconstruction has been performed.

SELECT A PHASE · KEEP THE VEHICLES SEPARATE

Follow the split in the journey.

Two branches of Starship Flight 4An illustrative sequence from the launch stack to separation. Booster returns to the Gulf of Mexico; Ship coasts and enters over the Indian Ocean. This is not a geographic map or numerical trajectory.StarbaseSeparationBooster · Gulf of MexicoShip · powered flight, coast, entryShip · Indian OceanSequence schematic · not to scale · no measured position is drawn
Both branches share a launch. Their return paths and durations differ. The marker illustrates a phase, not a tracked location.
OPERATOR-REPORTED PHASE · STACK

Lift off from Starbase

07:50 CDT · 12:50 UTC, to the minute

SpaceX reports launch from Texas and a completed booster ascent burn.

How to read it: Propulsion changes the vehicle’s momentum. A video or public speed display does not by itself supply calibrated acceleration or engine thrust.

Next evidence: Synchronized launch clock, sensor definitions and time-tagged ascent state vectors.

SpaceX states liftoff to the minute. No independently synchronized event-clock extraction has been performed here. Untimed phases remain untimed; we have not invented a continuous altitude or speed curve.

BOOSTER · REPORTED

7 minutes 24 seconds

SpaceX’s stated duration to booster splashdown. Adding this to the reported launch minute gives approximately 12:57:24 UTC; this is derived clock arithmetic, not a second independent observation.

SHIP · REPORTED AND ROUNDED

About 66 minutes

The company’s rounded duration to ship splashdown gives about 13:56 UTC. The two durations refer to different vehicles. The ship coast and booster return overlap.

Open all seven reported phase records
  1. Lift off from Starbase

    07:50 CDT · 12:50 UTC, to the minute

    SpaceX reports launch from Texas and a completed booster ascent burn.

    Reported minute, not an independently timed zero

  2. Hot-stage separation

    Sequence reported · exact event time not extracted here

    The operator describes ignition of the upper stage’s six engines before the two vehicles separate.

    No numeric time assigned

  3. Booster turns back

    After separation · no measured timestamp transcribed

    SpaceX reports a flip, boostback burn and hot-stage adapter jettison.

    Sequence only

  4. Booster splashdown

    T+07:24 · operator-reported duration

    The company reports a landing burn and soft splashdown in the Gulf of Mexico.

    Reported to the second; clock calibration not obtained

  5. Upper-stage coast

    After powered ascent · no numeric state series obtained

    SpaceX reports that the upper stage reached its planned coast trajectory.

    No altitude or speed curve supplied here

  6. Atmospheric entry and heating

    Entry phase · no calibrated heat-flux series obtained

    The operator reports passage through peak heating and aerodynamic pressure with flap control.

    Phase only

  7. Ship landing burn and splashdown

    About T+01:06 · operator’s rounded duration

    SpaceX describes three centre engines relighting, a flip and splashdown in the Indian Ocean.

    Approximate; not a second-accurate endpoint

THREE SOURCE FAMILIES · DIFFERENT QUESTIONS

Which kind of evidence are we looking at?

Showing 6 of 6 sources.

OPERATOR

SpaceX · Starship’s Fourth Flight Test

Operator account; onboard video and displayed telemetry share the operator’s measurement chain.

Summary inspected in browser; complete replay not frame-collated

Postflight summary · 6 June 2024; visible page reviewed 11 November 2026

REGULATOR

FAA · VOL 23-129 Rev.5.3 and revision history

Identifies the Flight 4 vehicle-configuration authorization history. A licence is not a raw trajectory measurement.

Historical revision table visually checked; later document, not the original Rev.3 instrument

May 2025 document · revision history PDF pp.2–3: Rev.3 entries dated 4 June 2024

REGULATOR

FAA · Near-orbital collective-risk waiver notice

Distinguishes near-orbital classification, the requested risk waiver and its timing; does not establish Flight 4’s detailed measured path.

Notice text reviewed

89 FR 88338 · issued 31 July 2024; published 7 November 2024 · Background and Near-Orbital Trajectory sections

OUTSIDE

Pilger & Hupe · Infrasound signatures from powerful rocket launches

Outside acoustic measurements reported through the International Monitoring System (IMS); event association and propagation still require a model.

Relevant slides inspected; published processed figures, not raw station waveforms

BGR · Infrasound Technology Workshop, 7 November 2024 · slides 12 and 21

OUTSIDE

Nikolova, Brown & Spiliopoulos · Tracing Starship re-entries with infrasound

Follow-up reading lead. Its abstract studies six later controlled re-entries and uses public telemetry in the association framework; it is not a second raw Flight 4 reconstruction performed by Babylon.

Abstract and version notice only; full analysis and supplement not reviewed here

Geophysical Journal International · accepted manuscript published 19 October 2026

REGULATOR

FAA · Starship project and environmental document collection

Route to dated environmental and licensing materials; present proposals must not be projected backward onto Flight 4.

Public document collection located

Current catalogue reviewed 11 November 2026; documents have separate issue dates

Count independent measurement chains, not links.

FAA authorization, SpaceX’s cameras and outside pressure sensors address different claims. They are not three independent reconstructions of the entire flight. Multiple papers can reuse the same IMS recordings; a trajectory interpretation can also incorporate SpaceX telemetry. Those dependencies belong in the record.

OUTSIDE OBSERVATIONS · BGR WORKSHOP, 7 NOVEMBER 2024

The flight also left a pressure signal.

Pilger and Hupe’s BGR presentation identifies Flight 4 re-entry detections at IS04, IS05, IS07 and IS40. Slide 21 shows processed pressure signals for IS04 and describes multiple propagation paths over distances of roughly 2,000–6,000 km.

IS04

Detailed processed example on slide 21

Raw waveform not obtained here
IS05

Listed re-entry detection on slides 12 and 21

Raw waveform not obtained here
IS07

Listed re-entry detection on slides 12 and 21

Raw waveform not obtained here
IS40

Listed re-entry detection on slides 12 and 21

Raw waveform not obtained here

What this adds: published evidence from instruments outside the spacecraft’s telemetry chain. Associating a signal with a particular part of re-entry still needs source geometry, station clocks, atmospheric conditions and processing settings.

The four station labels are leads, not four raw datasets acquired by Babylon. We have not digitized the plots or reproduced the acoustic localization. Multiple arrivals can come from different propagation paths; they do not, by themselves, demonstrate a physical ceiling.

TRY A SIMPLIFIED PROPAGATION DELAY

Why can sound arrive much later?

Change an illustrative source-to-receiver distance and an effective travel speed. This is a distance ÷ speed lesson, not a fitted Flight 4 arrival prediction.

Delay in minutes = distance in km × 1,000 ÷ speed in m/s ÷ 60.

166.7 minutes · about 2 h 47 min

Real sound paths bend as temperature and wind vary with height. Path length can differ from ground distance. The selected speed is an effective assumption, not a measured profile; this calculation cannot recover source altitude or flight trajectory.

A newer study to examine next

Nikolova, Brown and Spiliopoulos’s October 2026 accepted manuscript describes moving-source infrasound analysis for six later controlled re-entries, using public telemetry as part of its association method. We reviewed its abstract only. Its full analysis and supplement remain reading leads, rather than an analysis reproduced on this page.

THE STORY SO FAR · WITH THE RECORDS ATTACHED

Four findings to carry forward.

Two vehicles need two evidence trails

The booster’s reported 7 minutes 24 seconds and the ship’s roughly 66 minutes describe different branches. They are not competing durations for the same object.

A requested waiver is not a waiver already in force

The FAA notice says there would be no waiver decision before Flight 4; the request moved to Flight 5. The notice was issued after Flight 4. We must not use that later decision as Flight 4’s approval.

TWO CASE STUDIES · KEEP THEIR CONDITIONS DISTINCT

What can we compare with Apollo 11?

Comparison of evidence roles, not a claim of identical engineering
QuestionApollo 11 studyStarship Flight 4 study
MissionCrewed lunar journey and returnUncrewed near-orbital test with two splashdowns
Outside instrumentJodrell Bank radio chart; calibration still neededBGR-reported IMS infrasound; raw waveforms and processing still needed
Entry evidencePublished reconstruction, EMS/ARIA inputs identifiedOperator account and onboard views; complete public engineering package not located here
RadiationSpecific crew instrument records and dose summariesThis uncrewed flight does not establish a human radiation dose or lunar-journey safety
Repeatable next stepAcquire and reproduce reconstruction inputsAlign calibrated telemetry, outside recordings and dated atmospheric models

Vehicle shape, material, speed, attitude and trajectory affect heating. A result for one vehicle cannot simply be assigned to the other. Both studies become stronger when a calculated prediction is tested against a separately recorded observation with uncertainty.

FIVE RESEARCH GAPS · EACH HAS A NEXT TEST

What would let us reproduce more?

Telemetry and clocks
Located
The operator publishes narrative events and selected displayed data.
Missing from this review
Raw time-tagged Flight 4 channels, sampling rates, altitude/speed frames, rounding, filtering and video latency.
Next record request
Ask SpaceX for an existing public data package or data dictionary, with source-clock and vehicle identifiers.
Test
Align a measured state with the same event, vehicle and reference frame before comparing values.
Heat and aerodynamic loads
Located
SpaceX reports controlled entry and live onboard views.
Missing from this review
A public Flight 4 calibration/uncertainty package for thermal, pressure, attitude and structural channels has not been located in this review.
Next record request
Locate existing engineering results and identify which quantities were measured, modeled or inferred from imagery.
Test
Compare predicted heating/load to calibrated flight channels without treating brightness as a thermometer.
Outside acoustic measurements
Located
BGR reports IMS detections associated with Flight 4 re-entry.
Missing from this review
Raw waveforms, exact detection windows, station responses, processing settings, atmospheric profiles and association uncertainties.
Next record request
Ask the authors for existing waveform/data access routes and processing information, including IMS access conditions.
Test
Trace rays through dated temperature/wind fields; test competing source locations and quantify the association uncertainty.
Authorization and actual flight
Located
A later FAA licence history records Rev.3; a later waiver notice explains near-orbital classification.
Missing from this review
The original Flight 4 authorization package, applicable conditions and corresponding as-flown compliance records are not fully assembled here.
Next record request
Locate the exact dated FAA files; distinguish public copies, redactions, commercial protections and records not yet located.
Test
Compare what was authorized with what was reported and observed. Approval alone does not validate every flight measurement.
Full trajectory and endpoints
Located
The operator reports two splashdowns with different durations.
Missing from this review
A numerical as-flown trajectory with covariance, both endpoint positions and separately calibrated observations has not been obtained.
Next record request
Identify SpaceX flight data and any agency-held range/tracking products; then locate independent observations with clocks and geometry.
Test
Fit held-out measurements to a documented trajectory and report residuals with uncertainty.

Research questions identified · no new SpaceX, FAA or infrasound-author email drafted or sent in this study.

Unlocated, restricted, proprietary, unavailable and destroyed are different statuses. We will record the institution’s documented answer before assigning one.

No raw Flight 4 telemetry or IMS waveforms are included. Events without extracted timestamps remain untimed. No unpublished engineering result, full orbit, Moon mission, crew radiation assessment or atmospheric ceiling is established by this case. Independent recordings and interpretations that incorporate operator telemetry are distinguished.

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