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HMML · ASTRONOMY & CALENDARS

Which calendar and which calculation?

Computus, astrolabes, Hebrew calendars and astronomical tables offer distinct kinds of evidence. Begin with the calculation the manuscript actually describes.

A table needs its conventions

Calendar and astronomical references can use different epochs, month systems, localities, units and copying practices. A manuscript date does not reveal all of those conventions. Record the heading, the numbered columns, any explanatory text and the calendar named in the source before converting a value.

Read the guide beside the chart

APIS 00001 catalogues astronomical tables at folios 2r–152 and notes a question-and-answer guide. That explanatory material is a concrete research target: identify its assumptions before importing numbers into a modern clock. Project 1602 identifies a short Computus radicalis unit at folios 150v–151r; it is a different kind of calculation lead.

Keep attribution and reconstruction visible

The Ladino astrolabe treatise has an attribution to al-Majrīṭī in its catalogue note. An attributed name is not independent proof of authorship. A usable historical reconstruction should cite the exact witness, explain the calendar conversion and retain uncertainty. Babylon’s symbolic clock can sit beside that historical work with its own stated method.

SIX NAMED MANUSCRIPT LEADS

Astronomy, calendars and historical time

The fields below adapt HMML’s licensed catalogue metadata. They are not a transcription, a new translation or a completed image review.

Computus radicalis

Stiftsbibliothek Melk

Melk, Austria · Latin

Shelfmark
Codex Mellicensis 751/1 (729)
Catalogue access label
Unregistered or order a digital copy
Surrogate
Scanned Microform
Contents, dating and translation evidence

Computus radicalis

Content location: fol. 150v-151r

Catalogue note: Some marginal glossing

Copy-date evidence

Part 1: 1400–1500 CE.

These dates describe selected manuscript parts. They do not establish the composition date or a historical cosmic epoch.

Translation evidence

Translation coverage not assessed for this witness. This is not a finding that no translation exists.

Bibliography supplied by HMML

Christine Glassner, Katalog der deutschen Handschriften des 15. und 16. Jahrhunderts des Benediktinerstiftes Melk (Vienna: 2016).

Source physical-status label: In situ. Catalogue record last updated: 2026/05/15.

Source online-view flag: Yes. The access label remains a separate field. Neither field was verified by opening every image in this review.

Calendars

Österreichische Nationalbibliothek

Vienna, Austria · Hebrew

Shelfmark
Cod. Hebr. 80
Catalogue access label
Unregistered or order a digital copy
Surrogate
Microform
Contents, dating and translation evidence

Calendars

Content location: fol. 1r-6r

Calendars

Content location: fol. 7r-52r

Copy-date evidence

Part 1: 1600–1700 CE.

These dates describe selected manuscript parts. They do not establish the composition date or a historical cosmic epoch.

Translation evidence

Translation coverage not assessed for this witness. This is not a finding that no translation exists.

Bibliography supplied by HMML

Arthur Zacharias Schwarz, Die hebräischen Handschriften der Nationalbibliothek in Wien (1925).

Source physical-status label: In situ. Catalogue record last updated: 2025/07/17.

Source online-view flag: No. The access label remains a separate field. Neither field was verified by opening every image in this review.

Treatise on the astrolabe

Österreichische Nationalbibliothek

Vienna, Austria · Ladino

Shelfmark
Cod. Hebr. 48
Catalogue access label
Unregistered or order a digital copy
Surrogate
Microform
Contents, dating and translation evidence

Treatise on the astrolabe

Content location: fol. 5v-20v

Catalogue note: Attributed to al-Majrīṭī

Copy-date evidence

Part 1: 1400–1500 CE.

These dates describe selected manuscript parts. They do not establish the composition date or a historical cosmic epoch.

Translation evidence

Translation coverage not assessed for this witness. This is not a finding that no translation exists.

Bibliography supplied by HMML

Arthur Zacharias Schwarz, Die hebräischen Handschriften der Nationalbibliothek in Wien (1925).

Source physical-status label: In situ. Catalogue record last updated: 2025/07/17.

Source online-view flag: No. The access label remains a separate field. Neither field was verified by opening every image in this review.

Treatise on astronomy / Excerpts on astronomy

Österreichische Nationalbibliothek

Vienna, Austria · Hebrew, Judeo-Arabic

Shelfmark
Cod. Hebr. 125
Catalogue access label
Unregistered or order a digital copy
Surrogate
Microform
Contents, dating and translation evidence

Treatise on astronomy

Content location: fol. 5rv

Excerpts on astronomy

Content location: fol. 7v, 9v-10r

Treatise on astronomy

Content location: fol. 8r-9v

Treatise on astronomy

Content location: fol. 10r-12r

Copy-date evidence

Part 1: 1300–1500 CE.

These dates describe selected manuscript parts. They do not establish the composition date or a historical cosmic epoch.

Translation evidence

Translation coverage not assessed for this witness. This is not a finding that no translation exists.

Bibliography supplied by HMML

Arthur Zacharias Schwarz, Die hebräischen Handschriften der Nationalbibliothek in Wien (1925).

Source physical-status label: In situ. Catalogue record last updated: 2025/07/17.

Source online-view flag: Yes. The access label remains a separate field. Neither field was verified by opening every image in this review.

OLM 01492# Reference

Astronomical treatise

Lebanese Maronite Order

Kaslik, Lebanon · Arabic Garshuni

Shelfmark
Not supplied in this export
Catalogue access label
Registered
Surrogate
Digital
Contents, dating and translation evidence

Astronomical treatise

Content location: Not supplied in this export

Copy-date evidence

Part 1: 1834 CE.

These dates describe selected manuscript parts. They do not establish the composition date or a historical cosmic epoch.

Translation evidence

Translation coverage not assessed for this witness. This is not a finding that no translation exists.

Source physical-status label: In situ. Catalogue record last updated: 2022/10/26.

Source online-view flag: No. The access label remains a separate field. Neither field was verified by opening every image in this review.

APIS 00001# Reference

Astronomical tables

Armenian Patriarchate of Istanbul, Shirinoglu family

Istanbul, Turkey · Armenian, Armeno-Turkish

Shelfmark
MS 1
Catalogue access label
Registered
Surrogate
Digital
Contents, dating and translation evidence

Astronomical tables

Content location: fol. 2r-152

Catalogue note: Charts prefaced with a guide to their use in question and answer form

Copy-date evidence

Part 1: 1826 CE.

These dates describe selected manuscript parts. They do not establish the composition date or a historical cosmic epoch.

Translation evidence

Translation coverage not assessed for this witness. This is not a finding that no translation exists.

Source physical-status label: In situ. Catalogue record last updated: 2020/02/10.

Source online-view flag: Yes. The access label remains a separate field. Neither field was verified by opening every image in this review.

Carry the comparison into the learning library

Begin with the named source. Then distinguish a textual reading, an editor’s explanation and Babylon’s authored perspective. Every person remains free to question and choose. The Father and Yeshua remain Babylon’s devotional centre; this does not turn the source catalogue into an endorsement of Babylon’s interpretation.

Catalogue credit and scope

Catalogue metadata from Hill Museum & Manuscript Library (HMML), vHMML Reading Room, CC BY 4.0. Babylon selected 36 records, selected relevant content items, removed formatting and reduced the fields. Original images are not included.

Six manuscript leads in each of six subjects. These are examples, not all HMML holdings or a ranked list. Source identifiers and access labels are retained. Translation coverage has not been reviewed at witness level. Babylon is independent of HMML and the repositories named here. The selection is reviewed on 5 November 2026; current conditions must be checked at the source.

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