About 1650 BCE · museum dating
Sumerian Flood Tablet · Nippur
An approximate manufacture date; it does not date a historical flood.
THE EVIDENCE THROUGH TIME
A chronology you can trace
Begin the cosmic-clock research with dated witnesses, material intervals and the places where a date is still unresolved.
Keep each kind of date visible
A manuscript’s copy date, the age of its parchment, a work’s composition and the time described inside it answer different questions. This first timeline uses only the dated records listed below. It does not calculate a flood epoch or a cosmic age.
1400–1100 BCE · museum manufacture range
Akkadian Nippur flood fragment
Dates this copy, not the flood narrated in it.
Seventh century BCE · copy
Venus Tablet · K.160
The earlier period described by the observations is a separate dating question.
200–150 BCE · 1993 exhibition assessment
Enoch · Aramaic Qumran witness
Historical Library of Congress copy estimate, not current consensus. The biography separately records the 2025 parchment sample P904-Fr009: disjoint calibrated ranges 165–40 BCE and 10–1 BCE. These are material ranges, not a single writing date.
186–92 BCE · reported 1995 2σ calibration
Astronomical Enoch · Qumran witness
DSS-13 / AA-13245, 2095 ± 20 BP. Historical calibration, not a fresh estimate; dates parchment rather than writing or composition.
About 50 BCE · museum dating
Dendera Zodiac
Approximate dating of the object, not the beginning of a cosmic age.
Fifth century CE · project reconstruction attribution
Latin Jubilees · Latin Moses undertext
Project attribution, not a new independent dating assessment; later palimpsest reuse is separate.
568–645 CE · parchment radiocarbon interval
Birmingham Qur’an manuscript
95.4% reported interval for the animal’s death. The ink has not been age-tested.
Ninth century CE · university description
Mingana Qur’an · Kufic witness
Century-level assignment; no exact writing year is established.
Thirteenth century CE · historical catalogue estimate
Al-Khujandi instrument treatise and Hibatallah supplement
Hopwood, ed., revised catalogue IV (1985), printed p. 353. Approximate historical assessment; dated colophon or laboratory result not verified.
The unplaced shelf
Records without a reviewed numeric date remain visible here. Their place in history needs further catalogue or edition checks; they have not been forced into a sequence.
Sumerian King List · Weld-Blundell prism · AN1923.444 ↗Nag Hammadi Codex II · Thomas and the Secret Book of John · Codex II · current local shelfmark to confirm ↗Damascus Document · Cairo Genizah witness · T-S 10K6 ↗Damascus Document · Cairo Genizah witness · T-S 16.311 ↗Book of Giants · Qumran witness · 4Q203 ↗Damascus Document · Qumran witness · 4Q271 · Dᶠ ↗War Scroll · 1QM ↗Genesis Apocryphon · 1Q20 ↗Mingana Qur’an · companion witness · Mingana Islamic Arabic 1572b ↗Astronomy, star catalogue and precession note · Pal. lat. 1377 · f.194v; ff.21ra–42va ↗Ptolemy’s Handy Tables · Greek witness · Vat. gr. 1291 ↗Herculaneum · recovered ethical treatise · PHerc. 1667 ↗Herculaneum · On Vices, Book 1 · PHerc. 172 ↗Herculaneum · On Gods, Book 8 · PHerc. 139 ↗Rhinoceros Sūtra · Gāndhārī witness · British Library Kharoṣṭhī Fragment 5B ↗Gāndhārī Abhidharma · publication-status lead · British Library Kharoṣṭhī Fragment 28 ↗Sinai palimpsest · erased illustrated layer · Arabic New Finds 8 · fols.16v–17r ↗Jubilees · Qumran witness · 4Q216 · 4Q Jubᵃ ↗Sefer Yetzirah · Cairo Genizah roll fragment · Cambridge T-S K 21.56 · NLI 990051214940205171 ↗Astronomical Enoch · 4Q209 · 4Q209 · 4Q Enastrᵇ · IAA plate 847 ↗
From evidence to the cosmic clock
The next historical layer can connect a dated observation or inscription to a named event, place and calendar convention. Babylon’s symbolic correspondences can be shown alongside those records as authored interpretation. Each calculated cycle will need an explicit starting point, units, conversion method and uncertainty before it can serve as a historical claim.
Learning in the Light
In Babylon, the Father’s light opens perspective, learning and a chosen next step. Your worth remains intact. Every person is sovereign, with dignity, freedom and room to grow.
Read the learning principle ↗Strengthen the human-time reference
Follow the 2095 BCE proposal into its scholarly debate, compare early counting evidence and keep each clock convention visible.
Strengthen the human-time reference ↗Trace the document’s full history
Follow authorship, copies, discovery, dating methods, translation coverage and three evidence slots for each pilot claim.
Trace the document’s full history ↗